Homi Jehengir Bhabha

 This essay is a part of enakshi chatarjee s book called masterminds profiles of eleven different scientists provides details of eminent scientists Bhabha is an pioneer of Indian atomic energys program who was committed to foster svientic talent,he has his impact on indian scientific community

In addition to his scientific acievements he is a public intellectual and strong statesman.

Homi Jehangir Bhabha was born on 30 October 1909 into a wealthy Parsi family comprising Jehangir Hormusji Bhabha, a well-known lawyer, and Meherbai Framji Panday, granddaughter of Sir Dinshaw Maneckji Petit.
He was named Hormusji after his paternal grandfather, Hormusji Bhabha, who was Inspector-General of Education in Mysore.[8] He received his early studies at Mumbai's Cathedral and John Connon School.
Bhabha's upbringing instilled in him an appreciation for music, painting and gardening. He often visited his paternal aunt Meherbai Tata, who owned a Western classical music collection which included the works of Beethoven, Mozart, Haydn and Schubert. Together with his brother and his cousin, it was a ritual for him to listen to records from this collection over the gramophone. Bhabha also received special violin and piano lessons.
His tutor in sketching and painting was the artist Jehangir Lalkala. At seventeen, Bhabha's self-portrait won second place at the prestigious Bombay Art Society's exhibition.

Bhabha worked at the Cavendish Laboratory while working towards his PhD degree in theoretical physics supervised by Ralph Fowler. At the time, the laboratory was the centre of several breakthroughs in experimental physics. James Chadwick had discovered the neutron, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton had transmuted lithium with high-energy protons, Francis Aston had discovered chemical isotopes, and Patrick Blackett and Giuseppe Occhialini had used cloud chambers to demonstrate the production of electron pairs and showers by gamma radiation.
In 1931, Bhabha held the Salomons studentship in engineering. In 1932, on a Rouse Ball travelling studentship, he visited Copenhagen, Zurich and Utretcht.
 Niels Bohr's institute at Copenhagen was a major hub of theoretical physics research. At Zurich, Bhabha wrote his first paper in July 1933 with Wolfgang Pauli, which was published in the Zeitschrift fur physik in October 1933. During his studentship, Bhabha also visited Hans Kramers, who was then a professor conducting theoretical research in the interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter at Utrecht University. In 1933, Bhabha was selected for the Isaac Newton scholarship, which he held for the next three years and used to fund his time working with Enrico Fermi at the Institute of Physics in Rome. The same year, Bhabha published his first paper on the role of electron showers in absorbing gamma radiation.

Bhabha is considered the "father of the Indian nuclear programme"
and one of the most prominent scientists in the country's history.After his death, the Atomic Energy Establishment at Mumbai was renamed the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in his honour. In 1967, TIFR showcased an exhibition of Bhabha's life at the Royal Society, which was later moved to TIFR's auditorium foyer. The auditorium was named the Homi Bhabha Auditorium in the late scientist's honour and inaugurated by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi on 9 November 1968.

Questions

What role did bhabha play in shaping Indias scientific community, as discussed by chatterjee in this essay?

Ans. Enakshi chatterjee describes Homi J bhabha s life history in a book called Master minds profiles of eleven Indian scientists provides a comprehensive exploration  of life and conteibutions of Indian scientists, Bhabha was a poineer of Nuclear physics in India who pooled many scientists in thia area and given an impact on Indian Energy mission and many scientific achievements.

How does chatterjee presents bhabhas impact on  feild of Nuclear physics and his contribution to India's atomic energy program.

In 1939 when 2nd world war broke out, bhabha was holidaying in India since he was at cambridge he couldnt return to city of london, he accepted a post of IiSc under directtor ship of CV. Raman Young B sarabhai was also working in coamic ray research. In1941  Bhabha was selected for fellow of royal society, now after remaining  doing research in IIsc bangalore

Bhabha didnt thought of return abroad, instead he promoted Indian energy mission unlike working somewhere else.

 the idea of school of research came to him centre for advanced researchnin Fundamental physics would set high standards of research but also spearhead of research in applied feilds.

later Tata Institute of fundamental research TIFR was set up in Bombay.

then several young scientists joined bhabha cosmic ray studies were carried out by high altitude baloons the even a good school of math was started under leadership of Dr. Kosambi alongside K Chandrashekaran also joined as a staff,  TIFR featured several foreign nationals came here and gave vaulable seminars.

the development in feild of atomic energy, european scientists, there was an unknown force working inside  the nuecleas of atom

bhabhas  brilliant thoughts yet to see possibilities in nuclear energy

later under leadership of Homi bhabha atomic energy comission of India was set up later Known as BARC.